![]() Kohn TA, Essen-Gustavsson B, Myburgh KH (2007) Exercise pattern influences skeletal muscle hybrid fibers of runners and non-runners. A person's VO 2max depends on cardiac output, lung strength, and body weight, and is measured in milliliters of oxygen per kilogram of body weight per minute (mL/kg/min).Esteve-Lanao J, San Juan AF, Earnest CP, Foster C, Lucia A (2005) How do endurance runners actually train? Relationship with competition performance. VO 2max- Maximal oxygen uptake or consumption the maximum amount of oxygen that can be used during a specified period of usually intense exercise. Therapeutic exercise- Exercise that is prescribed as treatment for a disease or condition. Target heart rate target HR- The percentage of the maximum heart rate to be maintained during endurance training. Talk test- Judging exercise intensity by the ability to carry on a conversation. Strength training- Resistance training exercise, often with weights, to build muscle strength and mass and anaerobic endurance. Static stretches- Sustained stretching of muscles without movement. Repetition training- The most intense form of aerobic endurance training, with high-intensity intervals usually lasting 60–90 seconds, separated by rest intervals of at least five minutes. Pace/tempo training- High-intensity endurance training designed to improve both aerobic and anaerobic energy production. Multiple sclerosis (MS)- An autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system that is often managed, in part, with endurance training. Karvonen formula- Heart rate reserve maximum heart rate (220 _ age) minus resting heart rate. ![]() Interval training- A type of endurance training involving very short intervals of very high intensity exercise, followed by equal intervals of active recovery. Insulin sensitivity- The responsiveness of various physiological processes to the hormone insulin. Heart rate reserve (HRR)- Karvonen formula a method of measuring maximum heart rate that takes into account resting heart rate. Heart rate maximum (HRmax)- Maximum cardiac activity in beats per minute (bpm) estimated by subtracting one's age from 220. Heart rate (HR)- Pulse the number of heartbeats per minute (bpm), determined with an HR monitor or by counting the pulse on the wrist or neck. Glycogen- Animal starch the form in which glucose is stored in the liver and muscle. Elliptical trainer- Cross-trainer a stationary exercise machine that simulates walking, running, or stair-climbing. Dynamic stretching- Stretches that involve smooth, gentle movements. ![]() Cytokines- A class of proteins, including interleukins, that are released by cells to mediate intercellular communication and regulate immune responses. Cross-training- Cross-conditioning training that is complementary to one's primary sport. Circuit training- A workout structured around a series of brief exercises or activities that target different muscle groups. Cardiorespiratory- Cardiovascular aerobic the delivery of oxygen by the heart, lungs, and blood to large working muscle groups and the utilization of oxygen by those muscles. Anaerobic- Activity that exceeds available oxygen, resulting in a metabolic oxygen debt. KEY TERMS Aerobic- Activity that increases the body's requirement for oxygen, thereby increasing respiration and heart rate.
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